• Twin pregnancies (7 to 10% of published cases)
  
• History of pre-eclampsia (aka toxemia) and postpartum hypertension (high blood pressure)
  
• Maternal cocaine abuse
  
• Enterovirus infection
  
• Selenium deficiency
  
• Use of preterm labor drugs (terbutaline for more than 4 weeks, long-term use of ritodrine, combining preterm labor drugs)
  
• Toxic substances, including some drugs for chemotherapy
  
• Family history of peripartum cardiomyopathy
  
• Guillian-Barre neuropathy
  
• Myocarditis (Inflamation of the middle layer of the heart wall)
  
• Viral trigger
  

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